Ethics and Philosophy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Analytical Frameworks
 
 
 
 
 
 

Scientific Integrity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

• Access and read "Is University Life Any Different Today than it was "Yesterday"? How would you answer this question? (Journal entry)
• Access the following websites and select and print ONE article for in depth reading and class discussion. (Journal entry)
• Rene Descartes (1637) Discourse on the  method of rightly conducting the reason and seeking for truth in the sciences   
• Immanuel Kant (1785) Introduction to the Metaphysics of Morals
• John Stuart Mill (1863)   Utilitarianism
• Thomas Kuhn   (1962)   The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 
• Karl Popper Philosophy and impact   Link 2: Objective Knowledge  
• Paul Feyerabend   (1975) Against Method:  Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge   Link 2

• Read Ch 1-2 in PracticalEthics and  prepare answers to questions raised in case studies in  pp 12-13 & pp 29-30 (Case studies).
• Browse the website of the Centre for Applied Ethics: Ethical and Moral Decision Making. Use the posted info to develop a method for critically evaluating ethical dilemmas.

• Read Scientific Integrity Ch 1 (Methods, Manners and Mandates) &  2 (Ethics and the Scientist) (Journal entry)
• Prepare a brief outline of the different ethical schools of thought that have influenced western science
• According to Macrina, why is there a need for research ethics training? 
• Access, read and printout the following web sites (Journal entry)
• NMSU Policy on Scientific Misconduct (Researchers)  
• NMSU Policy on Academic Misconduct (Students)

• Read Scientific Integrity Ch 3 (Mentoring)  and prepare case studies 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8,  3.10, 3.11, 3.12 (Case studies)
• Xerox and complete the Predoctoral Mentoring Survey in Scientific Integrity pp 264-267. Bring to class.
• Read David Goodstein (1995) Scientific Elites and Scientific Illiterates. Comment on the author's attitudes and opinions. Do you agree or disagree with what he writes? (Journal entry)

• Plato's Academy
• Library of Alexandria
• Peter Abelard

• The Value of Knowledge:

a Miniature Library of Philosophy

Analyzing ethical dilemmas. 

• Ethics Updates 

Research Integrity and Scientific Misconduct

• Richard Feynman(1963) The Uncertainty of Science (Binder in Bio office)
• David Goodstein (1994) Conduct and Misconduct in Science

Mentoring

• FASEB Postdoctoral career guide.

Scientific Integrity
 

• Bring the code of conduct for your professional society to class and include it in your journal
• Begin to read the book by Ramon y Cajal (Ch 1,2 )

• Bring a list of questions and ethical concerns of personal interest to you regarding conflicts in the classroom and in teaching.  Are you concerned about plagiarism and cheating? What penalties, if any, should be imposed for these actions? Do you think students are willing to report  academic misconduct? Why or why not? Are academic and scientific misconduct different and if so in what ways?(Journal entry)

• Read Ch 4 (Authorship and Peer Review) in Scientific Integrity and prepare case studies 4.9, 4.11 (Case studies)
• Print the guidelines for authors from a major journal in your field and place this in your journal.

• Access this link and write a brief (1-2 paragraph) comment on the information provided.  Does the article rasie concenrs for you regarding described in the article scholarship and student experiences? why or why not? (Journal entry)
• Read Ch 7 (Managing Conflicting Interests)and 8 (Collaborative Research) in Scientific Integrity and prepare case studies 7.7, 7.12, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.8, 8.9 (Case studies)

American Association of University Professors

Ethics Online

Codes of Ethics Online  

Codes of Ethics and Conduct

• What it is and  how to avoid it

Authorship and Peer Review

• Society for Neuroscience guidelines for reponsible conduct regarding scientific communication

Scientific Integrity

Organisms in Research

Analytical Frameworks

• Read Ch 9 (Ownership of Data and Intellectual Property) in Scientific Integrity and prepare case studies (9.1, 9.7, 9.9). (Case studies)
• Access, read, and printout the NMSU policy on intellectual property  for your journal. What are your rights and obligations as a student researcher? any surprises here? Who are the "Oriignators?" (Journal entry)
• Do you have concerns about how technology transfer activites may affect students engaged in research? If so, what are they?(Journal entry)

• Read Ch 5 (Use of Humans in Biological Experimentation) and 6 (Use of Animals in Biological Experimentation) in Scientific Integrityand prepare case studies (5.5, 5.6, 5.12, 6.3, 6.4, 6.9, 6.12) (Case studies)
• Access this link.  What is required for human subjects work at  NMSU? Does NMSU have a general Ethics Board or Committee ? (Journal entry)
• Visit this website dedicated to Peter Singer and donwload an article that argues against the use of animals in research. Comment on Singer's views  as compared with the Chapter by Macrina. (Journal entry)

• Access and browse the International Conflict Resolution:

Information Sources web page . Download information from two websites that you find provocative or especially meaningful.  Write 1-2 paragraphs describing your impression of the area of conflict resolution.  (Journal entry)

• Office of Research Integrity: 
• Misconduct
• Consequences of Whistleblowing for the Whistleblower in Misconduct in Science Cases--Final Report, Research Triangle Institute, October 30, 1995 
• NIH Bioethics Resources on the Web
• Ethics in the Biological Sciences 
• AAAS Science and Society
• NIH ELSI
• Medical Ethics Tutorials
• NIH human subjects online training program
• Should the Baby Live?: The Problem of Handicapped Infants (Studies in Bioethics) by Singer and Kuhse (1988)

Conflict Resolution

• Pugwash
• Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution

Organisms in Research

• Biological weapons
• National defense and bioterrorism
• Pros and cons of human embryonic stem cell research
• Polio made from scratch    (Journal entry)

• International perspectives 
• Pugwash
• Bioterrororism
• Religious perspectives 
• Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion
• Scientific perspectives
• NIH Bioethics Resources on the Web
• AAAS Education & Human Resources
• AAAS Science and Policy
• Chemical and Biological Weapons Arms Control Program
• Center for Nonproliferation Studies
• BioTerrorism Preparedness and Response  Does NM have a bioterrorism response profile posted on the public CDC server?
• New Mexico Department of Health  Find NM Bioterrorism information

Articles in Bio 540 Notebook in Foster 234

• Agent orange to yellow rain: The specter of modern chemical and biological warfare.
• Biological warfare model 1967
• Biological Weapons: A dark side of the new genetics
• Ethnic Weapons
• Walters, Lee. 1990. "Chemical weapons in the Iran/Iraq war". Military Review. October.

Environmental Ethics
 

• Biopiracy
• Environmental justice

• International perspectives 
• Third World Network
• Biopiracy and appropriation of traditional knowledge 
• Scientific perspectives
• AAAS Science and Society
• AAAS Environment and Human Rights
• National Center for Environmental Health 
• SCOPE
• Other
• Environmental Justice Center
• Harvard Working Group on Environmental Justice 
• Biopiracy: The Legal Perspective
• Intellectual Property Rights and Biodiversity

 

Articles in Bio 540 Notebook in Foster 234:

• Christopher Boerner and Thomas Lambert. 1995. Environmental injustice: industrial and waste facilities must consider the human factor.  USA Today Magazine. 
• Brown, James K.M. 1998. How to feed the world, in two contradictory lessons. Terms in Plant Science.3:11; 409-410 
• Palmer, Clare. 1997. "Environmental ethics: Contemporary ethical issues". Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Inc.
• Palmer, Clare. 1997. "Major Issues in Environmental Ethics". Santa Barbara, CA,  ABC-CLIO)
• Ruth Rosen. 1994.  Who gets polluted? The movement for environmental justice. The foundation for the study of independent social ideas, Inc.

Eugenics

Genetic Engineering

• Eugenics and human cloning
• Genetic Discrimination
• Human Genome Project
• Pros and cons of genetic engineering of plants and animals

Access, read and prepare a brief commentary on one of  these URLs.  (Journal entry)

• Eugenics archive
• Tuskegee syphilis experiment
• Lynchburg enforced sterilizations
• Human radiation experiments    Link 2

Read and come prepared to discuss the following articles in the Bio 540 Notebook in Foster 234 :

• Kevles, David. "Eugenic Enactments". In the name of Eugenics.   (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)
• Proctor, Robert. 1998. "The Destruction of  Lives Not Worth Living". Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

• International perspectives 
• Third World Network
• Religious perspectives 
• Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion
• Scientific perspectives
• NIH Bioethics Resources on the Web
• AAAS Science and Society

• Kevles, David J. 1985. " A New Eugenics". In the name of Eugonics.   (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)
• Proctor, Robert. 1998. "The Origins of Racial Hygiene". Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

• Read and come prepared to discuss the following articles in the Bio 540 Notebook in Foster 234 :Dalai Lama. "Ethics in Society".
• Taoism, Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching
• Confucius Background Analects
• Native American Ethics
• Buddhism and medical ethics
• Iwa-Pele