The Wright Lab

 

 

Department of Biology

 


People

 

 

Wright Lab (aka bird nerds), Spring 2007

Back row (L to R): J. Guerra, D. Acosta, E. Schirtzinger, L. Moseman,

Front row (L to R): T. Wright, C. Dahlin, A. Young, S. Jefferson, J. Moore-Garcia, L. Gonzalez

Way out in front: A. Salinas-Melgoza

 

 


Christine Dahlin, PhD student (crdahlin@yahoo.com)

B.S. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

M.S. Northern Arizona University

Research Interests: Communication in social species of birds

My primary research interest is how communication is structured and the ways it functions in social birds such as corvids and parrots.  Social species may possess more complex communicative abilities that are demanded by a more social environment, because of the need to recognize a large number of individuals, place them within a dominance hierarchy, and communicate appropriately about activities such as food, predators and more. Some topics that interest me include how increasing social and environmental complexity influences communication, whether birds have referential and semantic communication, and whether birds communicate different information to different categories of individuals (audience effect).

Currently I am researching duets in yellow-naped amazons in Costa Rica.  Mated pairs of males and females signal together, and I am interested in how the duets function, why the birds cooperate to give these signals, and how the duets are structured.  I am researching the duets through a combination of lab and field research. I started my PhD at NMSU in Fall, 2004.

Publications:

Dahlin, C.R., Balda, R.P., and Slobodchikoff, C. 2005. Food, audience and sex effects on pinyon jay (Gymnorinus cyanocephalus) communication. Behavioural Processes 68(1), 25-39.

Wright, T.F.  & C.R. Dahlin. 2007. Pair duets in the yellow-naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata): phonology and syntax. Behaviour, 144:207-228. [PDF]

Wright, T.F., C.R. Dahlin, A. Salinas-Melgoza. 2008. Stability and change in vocal dialects of the yellow-naped amazon. Animal Behaviour. [PDF].

Presentations: 

9/2002 Dahlin, C.R., Balda, R.P. Audience effects on pinyon jay communication. Third North American Ornithological Conference, New Orleans, LA.

12/2003 Dahlin, C.R. Audience effects and syntax in pinyon jays. Invited talk at the Smithsonian National Zoo, Washington D.C.

 

7/2006 Dahlin, C.R., Wright, T.W., Guerra, J. Structure of pair duets in the yellow-naped amazon parrot. International Society for Behavioural Ecology, Tours, France.

 


 

Erin Schirtzinger, PhD student (eesem@nmsu.edu)

B.A. (Anthropology) University of Notre Dame

B.S. (Biological Sciences) University of Notre Dame

M.A. (Anthropology-Bioarchaeology) Arizona State University

Research Interests: Systematics and biogeography of parrots and seahorses

My research interests focus mainly on the use of molecular phylogenies to investigate the biogeographic history of parrots. The Neotropical parrot species, which are considered by many to represent a single monophyletic group, which is supported by several recent molecular phylogenetic studies is the first area of research focus. My current research uses both mitochondrial and nuclear intron sequences to create a species-level phylogeny of the Neotropical parrots. From this phylogeny, times of divergences within and among major clades can be used to can be inferred and linked to biogeographic and climatic processes, of both major and minor scales within the Neotropical region. Future work will include the creation of a species-level phylogeny for the entire order Psittaciformes, which can then be used to map the development of longevity, learning capabilities or other traits and behaviors. A major goal is to determine the oldest parrot lineages and how these relate to the breakup of Gondwana.                  

Additionally, I have an interest in seahorses, specifically of the western hemisphere. The situation with seahorses is very similar to that of parrots, in which many species are heavily exploited and are in need of dramatic conservation efforts to ensure their survival. Seahorses lend themselves especially well to studies of population genetics and incipient speciation, due to their restricted range sizes and patchy distribution. I started my PhD at NMSu in Fall, 2004.

Selected Publications and Presentations:

2005   American Ornithological Union, Santa Barbara , CA. Timothy F. Wright, Erin E. Schirtzinger, Tania Matsumoto, Jessica R. Eberhard, Gary R. Graves, and Robert C. Fleischer. A framework phylogeny of parrot genera derived from mitochondrial coding and nuclear intron sequences.


 

Anna Young, PhD student (annay@nmsu.edu)

 

B.S. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona

 

Research interests: Psittacine cognition and communication

 

My research interests focus on parrot vocal behavior and development, specifically warbling and monologue speech.  Monologue speech can be produced alone or amongst others, but without an apparent communicative intent.  Warbling has no apparent structural order, and varies greatly in form and length.  While working with captive birds in zoos and capturing specific vocal responses on cue using operant conditioning, I have observed that the parrots more readily reproduce targeted vocalizations when human observers are out of visual range or when there is background noise.  When I worked in the lab of Dr. Irene Pepperberg as an undergraduate researcher, the Grey parrots were more inclined to produce speech sound when in a room alone. What possible parallels are there between monologue speech and warbling, and what are their implications?  Very little is known about parrot vocal learning, and warbling is the least understood.  There is a difference in warbling among parrot species; what is responsible for this divergent evolution?  What is the function of warbling?  I believe warbling provides a method of practicing vocalizations without the consequence of sending false signals.  How do different species of parrots differ in their vocal development and why does this difference exist?  I am starting my PhD work by analyzing Orange-Winged Amazon calls taken at different stages of juvenile development. I started my PhD at NMSU in Fall 2005.

 

 


 

Alejandro Salinas Melgoza, PhD student (aletz@nmsu.edu)

 

B.S. (Biology) Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoidHidalgo

 

M.S. (Biological Science) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

 

Research Interests: Spatial dynamics of parrots

 

My main research interest is the strategies used by birds to cope with the stress of seasonal environments. Environmental and biological factors may influence decision to move from one place to another. Parrots are highly social birds that exhibit large movements over the landscape on a number of timescales: daily (ranging), seasonally (migration) and at certain stages in development (dispersal). The factors influencing these different types of movements are poorly understood. My past research on parrots in the tropical dry forests of Mexico has focused on the environmental factors that affect movements. One key factor is food availability, which can cause parrots to shift among habitat types and migrate to places with higher food availability in seasonal environments. Such movements may play a major role in individual survival and population dynamics. Ongoing questions of interest to me are: where, when and how far do individuals move? What are the factors that lead to natal dispersal patterns in parrots? Do particular situations at the family or population level predict certain dispersal behaviors? Studies on calls and genetics on the yellow-naped amazon suggest that dispersal may play an important role in the presence of vocal dialects. I plan to use of radio-telemetry techniques to elucidate how local and regional movements may affect the presence of such dialect. I also hope to develop improved telemetry methods, using satellite technology in collaboration with Engineering faculty and students at NMSU. I started my PhD at NMSU in Fall, 2005.

 

Selected Publications and Presentations:

 

Wright, T.F., C.R. Dahlin, A. Salinas-Melgoza. 2008. Stability and change in vocal dialects of the yellow-naped amazon. Animal Behaviour. [PDF].

 

Salinas-Melgoza, A. & Renton, K. 2007. Postfledging survival and development of juvenile lilac-crowned parrots. J. Wildlife Manage. in press.

 

Salinas-Melgoza, A. and K. Renton. 2005. Seasonal variation in activity pattern of juvenile Lilac-crowned parrots in tropical dry forest. Wilson Bulletin. 117:291–295.

 

Renton, K. and A. Salinas-Melgoza. 2004. Climatic variability, nest predation, and reproductive output of Lilac-crowned parrots (Amazona finschi) in tropical dry forest of western Mexico. The Auk. 121:1214–1225.

 

Renton, K. and A. Salinas-Melgoza. 1999. Nesting behavior of the Lilac-crowned Parrot. Wilson Bulletin. 111: 488-493.

 


Elizabeth Hobson, Ph.D. candidate (emoseman AT nmsu.edu)

(formerly Elizabeth Moseman)

B.A. (Environmental Studies) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2004

Research Interests: Social structure, social network analysis, invasive species biology

I am interested broadly in social structure in social species, especially in communally living or cooperative species and species with fission-fusion social structure.  I am interested in investigating how social structure initially forms, and in experimenting with the benefits individuals receive from occupying their specific place within the social structure.  My research at NMSU focuses on social network analysis in both native and invasive populations of the Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus).  My project seeks to determine:

1)    How sampling and methodology can influence the construction of social networks, and how social network analysis compares to traditional dominance hierarchies in terms of the resulting social structure

2)    How genetic and vocal patterns function to shape the social landscape and group membership decisions

3)    How the resulting social structure, through social associations and the dominance hierarchy, regulates access to limited food resources 

4)    Determining if social behaviors differ between native and introduced populations, and how regional introduced populations differ

The Monk Parakeet is a highly social parrot species that nests colonially and multiple pairs often nest communally in the same nest structure.  Monks flock together to find food resources, and may depend on their social associates to find food more efficiently.  The Monks are an interesting, charismatic, and approachable species that favors establishment in cities and suburbs around the world.  This creates a unique opportunity for scientific outreach and citizen science.  I am interested in working with teachers, birders, and interested citizen scientists in order to collect data on behavior in the Monks from introduced populations in order to conduct a broad scale behavioral comparison. 

Please visit my  Monk Parakeet research website.

I started my Ph.D. at NMSU in the spring of 2006, and advanced to candidacy in the spring of 2008.

Selected publications and presentations:

Hobson, E. & T. Wright.  2008.  Multivariate analysis of variables affecting behavior in Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus).  Biosymposium, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University poster presentation.

Hobson, E. T. Clarke, R. Gueth, T. Wright & S. Buhrman-Deever. 2008.  Sex-specific and condition-dependent signals in the vocalizations of the brown-throated parakeet (Aratinga pertinax xanthogenesis). NMSU Graduate Research Arts Symposium, poster presentation

Buhrman-Deever, Susannah C., Elizabeth A. Hobson, Aaron D. Hobson, & Jack W. Bradbury.  Social group similarity and preferential response to similar contact calls in the Brown-throated Conure (Aratinga pertinax). Animal Behaviour, in revision.

Buhrman-Deever, Susannah C., Elizabeth A. Hobson, & Aaron D. Hobson.  Individual recognition and recruitment using contact calls in Brown-throated Conures (Aratinga pertinax).  (in review).

Buhrman-Deever, Susannah C., Elizabeth A. Hobson, & Aaron D. Hobson.  Nutritional ecology of the Brown-throated Conure on the island of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.  (in review).

Moseman, Elizabeth A. & Timothy F. Wright. 2007.  Biogeographic patterns in vocalizations of an invasive parakeet. NMSU Graduate Research Arts Symposium, poster presentation

Wright, T., A. Young, A. Salinas-Melgoza, E. Schirtzinger, E. Moseman, and J. Munshi-South.  2006.  Sources of selection on acoustic signal structure: a comparative analysis of the contact calls of Neotropical parrots.  Invited talk.  Animal Behaviour Society annual meeting, Snowbird, UT, Aug 12-16 2006.

 


 

 

Lab Publications (with links to PDF files)

Wright, T.F., E.E. Schirtzinger, T. Matsumoto, J.R. Eberhard, G. Graves, J.J. Sanchez, S. Capelli, H. Müller, J. Scharpegge , G.K. Chambers and R.C. Fleischer. 2008. A multi-locus molecular phylogeny of the parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan origin during the Cretaceous. Molecular Biology and Evolution. in press. [Preprint], [Suppl. Table 1], [Suppl. Figures 1 & 2]

Russello, M.A., M.L. Avery, & T.F. Wright. 2008. Genetic evidence links invasive monk parakeet populations in the United States to the international pet trade. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8:217. [PDF]

Wright, T.F., C.R. Dahlin, A. Salinas-Melgoza. 2008. Stability and change in vocal dialects of the yellow-naped amazon. Animal Behaviour. 76:1017-1027. [PDF]

Wright, T.F.  & C.R. Dahlin. 2007. Pair duets in the yellow-naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata): phonology and syntax. Behaviour, 144:207-228. [PDF]

Kongrit, C.C. Siripunkaw, W.Y. Brockelman, V. Akkarapatumwong, T.F. Wright, L.S. Eggert. 2007. Isolation and characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the Asian elephant (Elaphas maximus). Molecular Ecology Notes. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01916.x [PDF]

Wright, T.F. 2006. Review of The Evolution of Animal Communication: Reliability and Deception in Signaling Systems by W.A. Searcy and S. Nowicki. Condor 108:989-990.

Graham, J.E., T.F. Wright, J. Ruediger & R.J. Dooling. 2006. Sensory capacities of parrots. pp. 33-41 in Manual of Parrot Behavior (ed. A. Luescher). Blackwell Publishing: Ames, IA. [PDF]

Wright, T.F.  2006. Review of The Carolina Parakeet: Glimpses of a Vanished Species by N.R.F.Snyder. Auk123:291-292. [PDF]

Wright, T.F. A. Rodriguez & R.C. Fleischer. 2005. Vocal dialects, sex-biased dispersal and microsatellite population structure in the parrot Amazona auropalliata. Molecular Ecology 14:1197-1205. [PDF]

Wright, T.F., E. F. Brittan-Powell, R. J. Dooling, & P. C. Mundinger. 2004. Sex-linkage of hearing and song in the Belgian Waterslager canary. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London)B  Suppl.  Biology Letters 271:S409-S412. [PDF] [Suppl. Material]

Wright, T.F., Johns, P.M., Lerner, A.P., Walters J.R., & G.S. Wilkinson. 2004. Microsatellite variation among divergent populations of stalk-eyed flies, genus Cyrtodiopsis. Genetical Research 84:27-40. [PDF]

Wright, T.F., K.A. Cortopassi, J.W. Bradbury & R. J. Dooling.  2003. Hearing and vocalizations in the orange-fronted conure, Aratinga canicularis. Journal of Comparative Psychology.117:87-95. [PDF]

Lohr, B., T.F. Wright, & R. J. Dooling. 2003. Detection and discrimination of natural calls in masking noise by birds: estimating the active space of a signal. Animal Behaviour.65:763-777. [PDF]

South, J. & T.F. Wright. 2002. Nestling sex ratios in the yellow-naped amazon: no evidence for adaptive modification. Condor. 104:437-440. [PDF]

Wright, T.F. & G.S. Wilkinson. 2001. Population genetic structure and vocal dialects in an amazon parrot. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 268:609-616. [PDF]

Eberhard*, J. R., T.F. Wright* & E. Bermingham. 2001. Duplication and concerted evolution of the mitochondrial control region in the parrot genus Amazona. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18:1330-1342. [PDF]        *co-first authors

Wright, T.F., C.A. Toft , E. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, J. Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. Albornoz, A. Rodriguez-Ferraro, F. Rojas-Suarez, V. Sanz, A. Trujillo, S.R. Beissinger, V. Berovides A., X. Galvez A., A.T. Brice, K. Joyner, J.R. Eberhard, J. Gilardi, S.E. Koenig, S. Stoleson, P. Martuscelli, J.M. Meyers, K. Renton, A. M. Rodriguez, A C. Sosa-Asanza, F.J. Vilella, & J.W. Wiley. 2001.  Nest poaching in Neotropical parrots. Conservation Biology. 15:710-720. [PDF]   

Wright, T.F. & M. Dorin. 2001. Pair duets in the yellow-naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata): responses to playbacks of different dialects. Ethology 107:111-124. [PDF]

Wright, T.F.  1996.  Regional dialects in the contact call of a parrot.  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263:867-872. [PDF]

Upton, S.J., T.A. Langen, & T.F. Wright. 1995. A new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the white-throated magpie jay, Calocitta formosa (Passeriformes: Corvidae) from Costa Rica.  Systematic Parasitology  31:195-199.

Upton, S.J., & T.F. Wright. 1994. A new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa) from the orange-fronted conure, Aratinga canicularis (Psittaciformes), in Costa Rica.  Acta Protozoologica  33:117-119.

 


Lab Photos

AppleMark

Chris and her Costa Rica field team, Spring 2008

(L. to R. Brenda, Ulla, Pedro and Chris)

 

Anna and Jaime giving a talk to the Mesilla Valley Audubon Society

(September 2007)

 

Liz, Alejandro and new friend
(June 2006, Costa Rica)

 

Jaime, Huicho, Chris and Angelica

(March 2006, Costa Rica)

 

Hughes Undergraduate Research Scholars, 2006-2007

 

(R to L): D. Acosta, T. Wright, Shandean Jefferson, Jennifer Currier

 

 

Wright Lab, Spring 2006

(L to R): E. Schirtzinger, A. Young, T. Wright, L. Moseman, D. Carillo, A. Salinas-Melgoza, A. Midamegbe

In the field in Costa Rica: C. Dahlin, J. Guerra

 

 

Wright Lab, Fall 2005

(R to L): C. Dahlin, A. Midamegbe, E. Schirtzinger, A. Young, J. Guerra, A. Salinas-Melgoza, P. McNamara, T. Wright

 

 

 


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