BIOL 101G. Human Biology  3 cr.

Introduction to modern biological concepts. Emphasis on relevance to humans and their relationships with their environment. Cannot be taken for credit after successful completion of BIOL 111G or BIOL 211G. Corequisite: BIOL 101L.

BIOL 101GL. Human Biology Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory for BIOL 101G. Laboratory experiences and activities exploring biological concepts and their relevance to humans and their relationship with their environment. Corequisite: BIOL 101G.

BIOL 110G. Contemporary Problems in Biology  4 cr. (3+3P)

Fundamental concepts of biology will be presented using examples from relevant problems in ecology, medicine and genetics. For nonscience majors only. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 111G. Natural History of Life  3 cr.

Survey of major processes and events in the genetics, evolution, and ecology of microbes, plants and animals, and their interactions with the environment. Appropriate for nonscience majors. Must be taken with BIOL 111L to meet general education requirements.

BIOL 111GL. Natural History of Life Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory experiments, demonstrations and exercises on interrelationships among organisms, biodiversity, processes of evolution, and interaction of organisms and their environment. Corequisite: BIOL 111G.

BIOL 154. Introductory Anatomy and Physiology  4 cr. (3+3P)

Survey of human structure and function (does not replace BIOL 190, BIOL 111G, or BIOL 211G as a prerequisite for advanced courses in biology). Branch campuses only.

BIOL 190. Principles of Biology  3 cr.

Principles of metabolism, genetics, physiology, evolution, and ecology. A background in chemistry is strongly recommended. For non majors only.

BIOL 201. The Local Environment  4 cr. (3+3P)

Introduction to the organisms, ecosystems, landscapes and environments of the surrounding area; field and laboratory studies of organisms and their environment; interaction of humans with other organisms and the environment from prehistory to present. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 211G. Cellular and Organismal Biology  3 cr. (+3P)

Principles of cellular structure and function, genetics, and physiology of microbes, plants, and animals. Suitable for nonmajors with sufficient chemistry. Must be taken with BIOL 211L to meet general education requirements. Corequisites: CHEM 110G and CHEM 111.

BIOL 211GL. Cellular and Organismal Biology Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory demonstrations, experiments and exercises on molecular and cellular biology and organismal physiology. Must have passed BIOL 211G or be concurrently enrolled in BIOL 211G and BIOL 211L. Corequisite: either CHEM 110G or CHEM 111.

BIOL 212. Supplemental Instruction for Cellular and Organismal Biology  1 cr.

Optional workshop for collaborative learning experiences aimed to improve class performance in cellular and organismal biology. Activities illustrate lecture material and encourage study strategies. Corequisite: BIOL 211G. May be repeated for a maximum of 2 credits.

BIOL 219. Public Health Microbiology  3 cr.

The characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms and the diseases that they cause. Will not meet the microbiology requirements for biology or medical technology majors. Prerequisite: BIOL 211G and BIOL 211L.

BIOL 221. Introductory Microbiology  3 cr. (3P)

Principles of isolation, taxonomy, and physiology of microorganisms. Prerequisite: CHEM 112, equivalent or consent of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 221L. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 221GL. Introductory Microbiology Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory to accompany BIOL 221.Prerequisites: BIOL 221 or BIOL 219 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 222. Zoology  3 cr. (2+3P)

Structure, function, and survey of animals. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G and BIOL 111L, or BIOL 190, and at least sophomore standing. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 225. Human Anatomy and Physiology I  4 cr. (3+3P)

The first in a two-course sequence that covers the structure and function of the human body, including terminology of the human gross anatomy, chemistry overview, cell structure, cell physiology (including DNA, protein synthesis and cell division). The organization of cells and tissues and their metabolic and homeostatic processes and regulation are also covered. Physical and chemical operation of organs and systems of the human body include the intergumentary skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 241. Introduction to Research  1-3 cr. (3+9P)

Seminar with demonstrations by research professors. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

BIOL 250. Special Topics  1-3 cr.

Specific subjects to be announced in the Schedule of Classes. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 253. Human Anatomy  4 cr. (3+3P)

Detailed presentations of human anatomy, with laboratory. Prerequisites: Grade of C in BIOL 190 or BIOL 211G and either CHEM 111 or CHEM 110G. For nursing, prenursing, and human nutrition and food science majors only.

BIOL 254. Human Physiology  3 cr.

Physical and chemical operation of the organs and systems of the human body. Not open to students who have passed BIOL 354 or BIOL 381. Prerequisites: BIOL 190 or BIOL 211G; BIOL 211L; CHEM 111 or CHEM 110G.

BIOL 254 L. Human Physiology Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory to accompany BIOL 254. BIOL 254 must be taken concurrently or in an earlier semester. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 260. Human Genetics  3 cr.

Human genetics for science and nonscience majors. Major topics include cell division, transmission genetics, single gene effects, sex-linked inheritance, cytogenetics, DNA structure and replication, gene expression, and recombinant DNA technology. Prerequisite: C or better in BIOL 111G or BIOL 211G.

BIOL 260 L. Human Genetics Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory course to accompany BIOL 260. Corequisite BIOL 260.

BIOL 267. Introduction to Genetics and Evolution  3 cr.

Basic principles of genetics (historical background, variation, mutation, heredity) and evolution (historical background, natural selection, adaptation, speciation). For majors and nonmajors. Prerequisite: BIOL 110G or BIOL 111G. Branch campuses only.

BIOL 271. Human Systemic Anatomy  3 cr.

Detailed study of human anatomy with emphasis in skeletal, muscular, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Designed specifically for students interested in allied health occupations. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 271L or SP M 271L. Same as SP M 271. Not for biology majors.

BIOL 271 L. Human Systemic Anatomy Laboratory  1 cr.

Detailed study of human anatomy with emphasis in skeletal, muscular, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Designed specifically for students interested in allied health occupations. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 271 or SP M 271. Same as SP M 271L.

BIOL 301. Principles of Ecology  3 cr.

A survey of ecology including general theory, the adaptations of organisms, population dynamics, species interactions, and the structure and function of natural communities and ecosystems. May not be offered spring semester, odd-numbered years. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190. Recommended: MATH 142G or MATH 191 and E ST 311G. Same as E S 301.

BIOL 305. Principles of Genetics  3 cr.

Covers fundamental principles of reproduction, variation, and heredity in plants and animals. Prerequisites: CHEM 111, BIOL 111, and BIOL 190, or BIOL 211Same as AGRO 305, ANSC 305, HORT 305.

BIOL 311. General Microbiology  3 cr.

Principles of physiology, molecular biology, ecology, and taxonomy of microorganisms. Not open for credit toward graduation for students who have taken BIOL 221, General Microbiology. Prerequisite: BIOL 211G.

BIOL 311 L. General Microbiology Laboratory  2 cr. (4P)

Microbiology techniques and procedures, including isolation and identification of microorganisms and biotechnology procedures that employ microorganisms. Not open for credit for students who have taken BIOL
221L. Prerequisite: BIOL 219 or BIOL 311 or concurrent enrollment.

BIOL 312. Plant Taxonomy  3 cr. (2+3P)

Classification and identification of representative plant families and local plants. Emphasis on ability to use technical sources. Saturday field trips may be recommended. Prerequisites: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190.

BIOL 313. Structure and Function of Plants  3 cr. (2+3P)

Structure, function, and survey of plants. Not open for credit toward graduation for students who have taken BIOL 220, Botany. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and sophomore-level standing. BIOL 211G recommended.

BIOL 314. Plant Physiology  3 cr.

Photosynthesis, respiration, water relation of plants, minerals and organic nutrition, growth and development. Prerequisites:  BIOL 211G and CHEM 122. Same as EPWS 314.

BIOL 314 L. Plant Physiology Lab  2 cr. (4P)

Examination of and laboratory techniques for measurement of plant water relations, solute transport, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, enzyme activity, gene expression, nitrogen metabolism, hormone content and function, and growth/development. Corequisite: BIOL 314 or EPWS 314. Same as EPWS 314L.

BIOL 322. Zoology  3 cr. (2+3P)

Structure, function, and survey of animals. Not open for credit toward graduation for students who have taken BIOL 222, Zoology. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and at least sophomore-level standing. BIOL 211G
recommended.

BIOL 330. Comparative Anatomy and Embryology  4 cr. (3+3P)

The developmental and evolutionary basis for the diversity and homology of body plans within the classes of vertebrate organisms. Laboratories will emphasize comparative dissection. Prerequisite: BIOL 190 or BIOL 111G and BIOL 211G. BIOL 322 recommended.

BIOL 340. Plant Tissue Culture Methods  3 cr.

Tissue culture methods in plant propagation and crop improvement, including culture of meristem-tips, anthers, embryos, callus, cells, protoplasts and regeneration of plants from cells. Prerequisites: BIOL 111G or BIOL 211G, and CHEM 111 or CHEM 112, or consent of instructor. Same as AGRO 340, HORT 340.

BIOL 350. Special Topics  1-3 cr.

Specific subjects announced in Schedule of Classes and offered as scheduled courses. May be repeated for unlimited credit.

BIOL 351. Biology Internship  1-6 cr.

Substantial off-campus experience in biology selected by student in consultation with regular biology faculty member. Internship must be approved by faculty member. Student will supply mutually agreed upon documentation of internship activities after the internship is completed. Prerequisite: 45 college credits, 2.5 or better GPA, consent of instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits. Restricted to biology and microbiology majors. Graded S/U.

BIOL 354. Physiology of Humans  3 cr.

Principles of integrative functions in humans. A systems approach emphasizing tissues, organs, and their regulation. Not open to students who have taken BIOL 254. Prerequisite: BIOL 211G.

BIOL 354 L. Laboratory of Human Physiology  1 cr. (3P)

Laboratory to accompany BIOL 354. Not open to students who have taken BIOL 254L. Prerequisite: either BIOL 254, BIOL 381, BIOL 354, or concurrent enrollment in BIOL 354.

BIOL 373. Fungal Biology  3 cr. (3+2P)

Introduction to the taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and ecology of fungi. Same as EPWS 372. Prerequisite: EPWS 310 or BIOL 311 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 377. Cell Biology  3 cr.

Fundamentals of eukaryotic cell structure, organization, and function. Emphasis on membranes, subcellular organelle systems, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle. Includes basic aspects of molecular biology. Prerequisite: BIOL 211G and BIOL 305 and either BCHE 341 or BCHE 395 (or concurrent enrollment in either biochemistry) or consent of instructor. BIOL 111G recommended.

BIOL 381. Animal Physiology  3 cr.

Principles of integrative function in animals, emphasizing tissues, organs, organ systems, and regulation. Includes adaptations of animals to their environments. Prerequisites: BIOL 211G and junior-level standing. BIOL 111G and BIOL 377 recommended.

BIOL 385. An Introduction to Cancer  3 cr.

This course will cover 3 areas of cancer research and their interdisciplinary connections: clinical cancer research, epidemiology and public health, and basic cancer research.

BIOL 398. Biology Research Programs  1-3 cr.

Directed studies and research experiences, by arrangement with instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

BIOL 402. Biology Honors Thesis  1-3 cr.

Provides guidance in how to write a scientific paper in the sciences. Students will produce an honors thesis based on previous independent research. Prerequisite:  Consent of instructor.

BIOL 406. Biological Electron Microscopy  4 cr.

Principles and use of light microscope, transmission and scanning electron microscope, specimen preparation techniques, thick and ultrathin sectioning, analysis of micrographs.

BIOL 408. Ecology of Plants  3 cr.

Controlling factors, succession, community dynamics, and the classification of vegetation. Prerequisite: BIOL 301.

BIOL 411. Principles of Plant Taxonomy  1 cr.

Examination of principles of classification through use of lecture, discussion, reports and reading of primary literature. Students will take, or will have taken, BIOL 312 or equivalent to relate theory and practice. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190. Corequisite: BIOL 312.

BIOL 412. Seminar in Microbiology  1 cr.

Seminar to aid students in assessment and presentation of current topics in microbiology. Prerequisites: BIOL 311 and BIOL 311L. Graded S/U.

BIOL 423. Primate Adaption and Evolution  3 cr.

Survey of the adaptations and evolutionary history of non-human primates. Consent of instructor required.

BIOL 423 L. Primate Adaptation and Evolution Laboratory  1 cr. (1P)

Laboratory with exercises on non-human primate adaptation and evolution.

BIOL 424. Human Osteology  3 cr.

A survey of the functional, developmental, and evolutionary biology of the human skeleton. Identifying bones and teeth from hands-on experience with skeletal and dental material. Provides a foundation for human evolutionary studies, bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. Prerequisite: ANTH 355, 370 or equivalent.

BIOL 424 L. Human Osteology Lab  1 cr. (1P)

Laboratory for ANTH 474. Experiences and activities related to identifying teeth and bones of the human skeleton. Prerequisite: ANTH 355, 370 or equivalent.

BIOL 433. Insect Biology  3 cr.

Classification, structure, physiology, and evolution of insects. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and junior-level standing. BIOL 211G recommended. Same as EPWS 433.

BIOL 433 L. Insect Identification  1 cr. (3P)

Collection and identification of insect orders and families. Not open to students who have taken EPWS 302 or EPWS 303. Same as EPWS 433L.

BIOL 434. Human Evolution  3 cr.

Overview of human biological evolution from the emergence of Miocene apes to the modern human diaspora. Prerequisite: ANTH 355 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 434 L. Human Evolution Laboratory  1 cr. (1P)

Laboratory in human evolution, includes exercises and activities to learn the human fossil record. Prerequisite: ANTH 355 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 435. Cell Biology Current Topics  2 cr.

Seminars and discussions on current topics in cell biology. May be repeated for a maximum of 8 credits.

BIOL 439. Animal Behavior  3 cr.

A survey of the field of animal behavior. Prerequisites: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and junior-level standing. BIOL 322 recommended.

BIOL 441. Seminar in Comparative Physiology  2 cr.

Readings and discussions on current topics in comparative physiology. Prerequisite: BIOL 381 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 445. Herpetology  4 cr. (3+3P)

The ecology, behavior, systematics, morphology, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. Field trip recommended. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G, BIOL 190, or BIOL 211G. BIOL 322 recommended.

BIOL 447. Ornithology  4 cr. (3+3P)

Morphology, life histories, systematics, ecology, and behavior of birds.

BIOL 448 H. Senior Thesis  2 cr.

Two-semester research on a selected problem. Includes a written paper and an oral examination. Open to senior biology majors with an overall GPA of 2.5 or better and consent of faculty.

BIOL 450. Special Topics  1-3 cr.

Specific subjects announced in the Schedule of Classes and offered as scheduled courses. May be repeated for unlimited credit.

BIOL 451. Physiology of Microorganisms  3 cr.

Aspects of cellular physiology unique to prokaryotes. Prerequisites: C or better in BIOL 311 (or equivalent) and either BCHE 341 or BCHE 395 (or equivalent).

BIOL 454. Biology of Respiration  3 cr.

How aquatic and terrestrial animals obtain oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide. Includes respiratory-system structures and functions, gas-exchange and gas-transport mechanisms, and control systems. Emphasizes animals that live or travel in extreme environments. Prerequisite: BIOL 211G. BIOL 381 recommended.

BIOL 462. Conservation Biology  3 cr.

Examination of the value of biological diversity, the natural processes that control biological diversity, and the ways in which human activities have resulted in the loss of biological diversity, both regionally and globally. Prerequisite: BIOL 301.

BIOL 465. Invertebrate Zoology  4 cr. (3+3P)

Survey, ecology, behavior and physiology. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and junior-level standing. BIOL 322 recommended.

BIOL 466. Invertebrate Zoology Field Trip  1 cr.

A one-week field trip for the study of marine invertebrates. Registrants must provide own camping gear. Prerequisite: BIOL 465 or equivalent (or concurrent enrollment) or consent of instructor. Graded S/U.

BIOL 467. Evolution  3 cr.

Covers theory, historical background, population variation, natural selection, adaptation, speciation. May not be offered spring semester, even-numbered years. Prerequisite: BIOL 111G or BIOL 190 and BIOL 305.

BIOL 470. Developmental Biology  3 cr.

The purpose of this course is to introduces students to the principles that govern the development of a single fertilized egg cell into a complex multicellular organism. These principles, and often the molecular mechanisms by which they are accomplished, appear to be universal for all multicellular organisms including both plants and animals. We will explore issues such as: how cells become committed to particular cell fates and how this commitment is maintained; how organs acquire particular shapes, sizes and positions; the developmental causes of some human diseases; how the environment affects development; and, how changes in development provide the material basis for evolutionary change. Prerequisites: BIOL 211G, BIOL 305.

BIOL 471. Molecular and Cellular Mycology  3 cr.

Exploration of the world of fungi with emphasis on fungal molecular biology and development. Including discussion of fungal taxonomy and genomics. Prerequisites: BIOL 311 required, BCHE 341 or BCHE 395 recommended,  or consent of instructor.

BIOL 472. Primate Behavior and Ecology  3 cr.

Survey of the social behavior and ecology of nonhuman primates.

BIOL 473. Ecology of Microorganisms  3 cr. (2+3P)

The metabolic interactions of microorganisms in the environment, with emphasis on their roles in ecological processes. Prerequisites: BIOL 311 or consent of instructor.

BIOL 474. Immunology  3 cr.

Basic concepts of the immune response. Prerequisites: BIOL 305 and CHEM 211 or CHEM 313.

BIOL 475. Virology  3 cr.

Mechanisms of viral infections of animals and man. Prerequisites: BIOL 311, and either BCHE 341 or BCHE 395.

BIOL 476. Soil Microbiology  3 cr.

Nature and physiology of soil microorganisms, how they affect plant growth and recycle nutrients. Land farming, bioremediation and other environmental problems as influenced by soil microorganisms. SOIL 252 and BIOL 311 recommended. Same as SOIL 476.

BIOL 476 L. Soil Microbiology Laboratory  1 cr. (3P)

Enumeration of soil microorganisms, their activities, and transformations they mediate. Prerequisites: SOIL 476 or concurrent enrollment. Same as SOIL 476L.

BIOL 477. Applied and Environmental Microbiology  4 cr.

A lecture-laboratory course on the microorganisms and the reactions they mediate which either impact the environment or have industrial applications. Reading of current literature will be emphasized. Topics include bioremediation, water quality, and aspects of industrial and food microbiology. Prerequisite: BIOL 311, and 311L, or consent of instructor.

BIOL 478. Molecular Biology of Microorganisms  3 cr.

The biochemical basis for gene mutation, recombination, and expression with emphasis on prokaryotes. Includes fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology. Prerequisites: BIOL 305, BIOL 311, and either passage or concurrent enrollment in BCHE 341 and BCHE 395.

BIOL 479. Medical Microbiology  3 cr.

An in-depth overview of microbial pathogens associated with human infectious disease. Etiological agents, pathogenesis, and processes leading to the disease state and the therapies of infectious disease. Prerequisite: BIOL 474 recommended.

BIOL 479 L. Medical Microbiology Laboratory  1 cr.

Overview of common procedures used by medical microbiologists to identify agents of disease or microbial pathogen traits. Prerequisite: BIOL 479 or concurrent enrollment.

BIOL 482. Microbial Systematics  2 cr.

Systematics of prokaryotic organisms, and consideration of fungi and protists. Integration of morphological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic information in determining group relationships. Problems encountered when applying classic systematic principles to organisms without significant contribution of sexual reproduction. Prerequisites: BIOL 311 (or equivalent) and consent of instructor.

BIOL 484. Animal Communication  3 cr.

An examination of how animals produce and perceive signals, what factors influence the form of signals in different sensory modalities, and how conflicts between senders and receivers affect signaling strategies. Weekly discussion from the primary literature and group research products.

BIOL 487. Advanced Cell Biology  4 cr. (3+1P)

Same as BIOL 377 but also includes weekly discussions on current topics, methodology and ethical issues in modern cell biology. Scientific writing skills will be emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 211G and BIOL 305 and either BCHE 341 or BCHE 395 (or concurrent enrollment in either biochemistry) or consent of instructor. BIOL 111G recommended.

BIOL 488. Principles of Conservation Genetics  3 cr.

Fundamentals of the genetics of small populations. Genetic technologies used in studying small populations. Application of genetics and evolution to the conservation of biological populations. Prerequisite: BIOL 305.

BIOL 489. Genetic Aspects of Population Biology  3 cr.

Basic theory of population genetics and how that theory has guided, and been influenced by, studies of natural populations. Prerequisite: BIOL 305 or equivalent.

BIOL 490. Neurobiology  3 cr.

Fundamentals of neurobiology with an emphasis on properties of neurons and glia, principles of synaptic transmission, development of nervous system and organization of motor and sensory systems. Prerequisite: BIOL 211, BIOL 305, MATH 142G, or MATH 191, and CHEM 211 or CHEM 313.

BIOL 498. Biology Research Programs  1-3 cr.

Directed studies and research experiences, by arrangement with instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

GENE 452. Applied Bioinformatics  3 cr.

Survey and application of publicly available bioinformatic tools that treat genomic DNA, cDNA, and protein sequences, RNA abundance, as well as tools that allow inference based on phylogenetic relationships. Prerequisites: AGRO/ANSC/BIOL/HORT 305 or GENE 315 and GENE 320, and BCHE 341, or BCHE 395.

GENE 486. Genes and Genomes  3 cr.

Extensive coverage of nuclear and organelle genome structure in plants and animals, genome restructuring including duplication, anueploidy, chromosome translocations and inversions, comparative genomics, and molecular systematics. Prerequisites: AGRO/ANSC/BIOL/HORT 305 or GENE 315, and GENE 320

GENE 488. Gene Regulation  3 cr.

Extensive coverage of signal transduction processes and approaches used to monitor large scale changes in gene regulation and protein synthesis that occur during development and in response to environmental changes. Prerequisites:  AGRO/ANSC/BIOL/HORT 305 or GENE 315.

MOLB 448. Special Research Problems  1-3 cr.

Individual investigation, theoretical or experimental, under the supervision of a molecular biology faculty member. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

MOLB 450. Special Topics in Molecular and Cellular Biology  1-3 cr.

Selected topics of current interest in the fields of molecular and cellular biology. Specific topics announced in the Schedule of Classes. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

MOLB 452. Independent Studies in Bioinformatics  1-3 cr.

Individual investigation, theoretical or experimental, in bioinformatics or computational applications under the supervision of a molecular biology or computation science faculty member. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 credits.

MOLB 470. Bioinformatics and Genome Analysis  3 cr.

Introduces basic concepts of bioinformatics and computational tools and methods used to analyze molecular biology data, including alignments, homology searches, advanced searching techniques, protein structure prediction, genome sequencing and analysis, and basic computer topics. Prerequisite: BCHE 396 or equivalent.

MOLB 494. Techniques in Genetic Engineering  3 cr. (1+6P)

Basic laboratory techniques required for research involving recombinant DNA technology: structured experimental procedures, including nucleic acid isolation and purification, as well as the identification and manipulation of genes and genetic material of both bacterial and plant origin. Prerequisites: BCHE 395, 396, and consent of instructor. Same as BCHE 494.